What issue can arise if the water supply to a pump's suction inlet is below its level?

When the water supply to a pump's suction inlet is below its level, the primary concern is cavitation in the pump. Cavitation occurs when the pressure in the pump drops below the vapor pressure of the fluid, causing bubbles to form. As these vapor bubbles travel through the pump and enter higher pressure regions, they collapse violently, which can lead to significant damage to the pump components, such as the impeller and casing.

This phenomenon can severely affect the pump's performance and durability. It can lead to reduced flow rates, increased maintenance needs, and a shorter lifespan for the pump due to the physical damage caused by the imploding vapor bubbles. Understanding and preventing cavitation is critical for ensuring the effective operation of pumps in various applications, including firefighting scenarios where reliable water supply is essential.